Afecciones cutáneas en trabajadores con empleos de subsistencia y su relación con factores socioambientales y laborales. Medellín, Colombia / Skin conditions in workers with subsistence jobs and related socio-environmental and labor factors. Medellin Colombia

Introducción: La información acerca de lesiones en piel y sus factores asociados, en trabajadores informales en América Latina y el Caribe aun es escasa. Objetivo: Determinar la relación existente entre las condiciones sociodemográficas, ambientales, laborales y la prevalencia de afecciones en la piel auto-reportada por trabajadores informales “venteros” del centro de Medellín. Material y Métodos: Estudio transversal con intención analítica y fuente primaria de información. Se incluyeron 686 trabajadores. Se aplicó encuesta asistida, previa realización de prueba piloto y estandarización de los encuestadores. Variable dependiente; prevalencia de afecciones en piel. Variables independientes; condiciones laborales, sociodemográficas y ambientales. Se realizó control de errores con análisis estadísticos y sesgos de selección e información. Se realizaron análisis univariado, bivariado y multivariado. Resultados: Trabajadores fundamentalmente hombres (57.6%), edades entre 45-59 años, 60,0% procedente de zona rural. Trabajaban > 8 horas/día (80,6%), toda la semana, con > 20 años (50,7%) en su labor. El 72,2% no utilizaba mecanismos de protección personal. 61,5% consideraba que la contaminación ambiental afectaba su labor y su salud. 19,83% presentó afectaciones cutáneas, como; alergias (12,0%), prurito y sarpullido. Menor prevalencia de alergias en hombres (24,0%) y ≥ 60 años. Mayores prevalencias en quienes laboraban >8 horas/día (94,0%), toda la semana (43,0%), con exposición a sustancias químicas (RP=1,88.IC=1,11;3,20), vendedores de mercancía y cacharro (RP =2,06.IC: 1,08;3,91). Conclusión: Explican mayor prevalencia de alergias proceder de la zona urbana, vender mercancía y cacharro, trabajar >8 horas/día, toda la semana, exponerse a sustancias químicas, considerar que la calidad del aire afecta su labor, y presentar comorbilidades (AU)

Introduction: The information on skin lesions and their associated factors in informal workers in Latin America is scarce. Objective: To determine the existing relationship between sociodemographic, environmental and labor conditions and the prevalence of skin conditions, self-reported by informal workers “venteros” from the Medellin downtown. Material and Methods: Cross-sectional study with analytical intention and primary source of information. 686 workers were included. An assisted survey was applied, after conducting a pilot test and standardization of the interviewers. The presence of skin conditions was considered as the dependent variable and the working, sociodemographic and environmental conditions as independent variables. Error control was performed with statistical analysis, selection and information biases were controlled. Univariate and bivariate analysis was performed. Results: Mainly male workers (57.6%), ages 45-59 years, 60.0% from rural areas. They worked> 8 hours / day (80.6%), all week, with> 20 years (50.7%) in their work. 72.2% did not use personal protection mechanisms. 61.5% considered that environmental pollution affected their work and their health. 19.83% presented skin affectations, such as allergies (12.0%), pruritus and rash. Lower prevalence of allergies in men (24.0%) and ≥60 years. Higher prevalences in those who worked> 8 hours / day (94.0%), all week (43.0%), with exposure to chemical substances (PR = 1.88, IC = 1.11, 3.20), sellers of merchandise and equipment (PR = 2.06.IC: 1.08; 3.91). Conclusion: They explain a higher prevalence of allergies coming from the urban area, selling merchandise and junk, working> 8 hours / day, all week, being exposed to chemical substances, considering that air quality affects their work, and presenting comorbidities (AU)

Ser viejo en Colombia tiene su costo laboral / Being old in Colombia has its labor costs / Ser velho na Colômbia tem seu custo trabalhista

Introducción: hacer una revisión sobre el tema del sistema social y económico;sistema en el cual se privilegia la belleza y la juventud por encima de la experiencia y los conocimientos.Métodos: se realizó una revisión bibliográfica de algunos autores que abordan la situación laboral del adulto mayor. Resultados: las sociedades actuales discriminan a los adultos mayores desconociendo su experiencia, sabiduría y el conocimiento acumulado a lo largo de los años. El crecimiento de la población adulta mayor y de la económicamente activa, posibilita el envejecimiento de la fuerza de trabajo que podría afectar el incremento económico y el funcionamiento del mercado laboral; por ello tradicionalmente se espera que las personas mayores dejen su sitio de trabajo a las poblaciones más jóvenes.Conclusiones: la edad tiene un alto costo en el sistema laboral y productivocolombiano, asumido por los adultos mayores e ignorado por el Estado.

Objective: to do a revision on the subject of the social and economic system; System in which youth and beauty are privileged and considered above all experience and knowledge. Materials and methods: a bibliographic revision of some authors that have addressed the subject of the work situation of an older adult was conducted. Results: today’s societies discriminate against older adults, failing to recognize their experience, knowledge and wisdom that have been gathered throughout the years. The growth of the older adult population and that of the economically active makes it possible for the work force to grow older, which could affect the economic growth and the correct functioning of the work force; for this reason, older people are expected to leave their work for the younger populations. Conclusions: age has a high cost in the productive work force in Colombia, assumed by the older adults and ignored by the State.

Objetivo: fazer uma revisão sobre o sistema social e econômico, sistema que privilegia a beleza e a juventude mais que a experiência e os conhecimentos. Materiais e métodos: fez-se uma revisão bibliográfica de autores que tratam da situação trabalhista de pessoas mais velhas. Resultados: a sociedade atual discrimina as pessoas mais velhas, ignorando sua experiência, sabedoria e o conhecimento acumulado ao longo dos anos. O crescimento da população adulta mais velha e da economicamente ativa possibilita o envelhecimento da força de trabalho, que poderia afetar o incremento econômico e o funcionamento do mercado trabalhista; por isso, tradicionalmente se espera que as pessoas mais velhas deixem seus locais de trabalho às populações mais jovens. Conclusões: a idade tem um alto custo no sistema trabalhista e produtivo colombiano, assumido pelos adultos mais velhos e ignorado pelo Estado.